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Electrodialysis
Electrodialysis
Electrodialysis is the separation of electrolytes from solution under the action of DC electric field with potential difference as the driving force, using the selective permeability of ion exchange membrane, so as to achieve the purpose of solution desalination, concentration, refinement or purification. The core component of electrodialysis is the membrane stack, which mainly has electrodes, ion exchange membranes arranged alternately, and neighboring ion exchange membranes separated by a spacer, as shown in the figure below.
Electrodialysis Principle Diagram
The anion membrane allows only anions to pass through; the cation membrane allows only cations to pass through. As shown in the diagram, under the action of DC electric field, Na+ ions move to the cathode and Cl- ions move to the anode. Due to the selective permeability of the ion exchange membrane, Cl- ions can only pass through the anion exchange membrane and Na+ ions can only pass through the cation exchange membrane. In the Cl- ions and Na + ions are moved out of the compartment for the desalination room referred to as light room, Cl- ions and Na + ions are moved into the compartment for the concentration room referred to as concentrated room. The water flow from each concentration and desalination compartment is brought together to produce two main water flows, desalinated water and concentrated brine, respectively.
The first electrodialysis membrane must have high selectivity, low resistance, high exchange capacity, low permeability, good mechanical and chemical properties, membrane resistance to pollution, and good cleaning recovery.
Second, the selected spacer, electrodes, high-frequency switching power supply and other auxiliary equipment must be high-performance, high-quality, after a large number of engineering long-term engineering site applications to ensure good sealing without leakage, no leakage, high desalination efficiency at the same time, high concentration concentration.
Third, there are strict requirements for the control of operating current, voltage, pH, flow, pressure and other parameters, and strict control for the operating process, which can ensure higher desalination efficiency and higher current efficiency while ensuring faster desalination speed.
Fourth, to ensure that the design of electrodialysis system is more scientific and reasonable, and the performance of electrodialysis device is more progressive and optimized.
Schematic diagram of electrodialysis
Due to the large number of electrodialysis membrane stacks, an online cleaning box and cleaning pump are set up to flush the electrodialysis unit on a regular basis. When the electrodialysis device is out of operation, it is automatically flushed for 3 to 5 minutes to remove the dirt deposited on the membrane surface so that the device and the membrane can be effectively maintained.
When the membrane device is operated for a long time, it will accumulate certain fouling that is difficult to flush, such as organic matter and inorganic salt fouling, which will cause the membrane performance to decline. Such fouling must be removed by cleaning with chemicals to restore the performance of the membrane. Chemical cleaning is carried out using a cleaning device, which includes two cleaning fluid tanks, cleaning pumps and supporting piping, valves and instruments. When the membrane module is contaminated, it can be used for the chemical cleaning of the membrane concentration system.
In fact, electrodialysis technology is a mature processing technology, which has been successfully used for many years in China's metallurgical, chemical and paper industries, etc. Because of the high salt content of electrodialysis produced water (more than 5000mg/l), the produced water cannot be directly used in power plants, which limits the promotion and application of this technology in power systems. can continue into electrodialysis concentration. At present, the core equipment of electrodialysis has been localized for many years, and the quality of electrodialysis products has reached or exceeded that of imported brands, which not only reduces the investment cost, but also brings great convenience to the promotion and application of electrodialysis technology and after-sales service.
Electrodialysis
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