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RO Reverse Osmosis

The reverse osmosis process is the reverse of the osmosis process, a pressure separation process using a semi-permeable membrane. A semi-permeable membrane is a membrane that allows only the solvent to pass through and not the solute. When two different concentrations of solutions are located on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane, the solvent (water) on the low concentration side will permeate to the high concentration side, and the solution on the high concentration side rises to a certain height, permeate the net equilibrium, this phenomenon is called osmosis. When the osmotic equilibrium, the static pressure difference between the two sides of the solution is called osmotic pressure. If the pressure on the high concentration side is greater than the static pressure difference, the reverse process of osmosis will occur, that is, the high concentration side of the solvent to the low concentration side of the solution permeation, the process is called reverse osmosis.

A schematic diagram of the reverse osmosis process is as follows:

Figure 3-6 Schematic diagram of the reverse osmosis process

Reverse osmosis is not spontaneous, in order to carry out the reverse osmosis process, it is necessary to pressurize the high concentration side, only when the working pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution, the water can be separated from the brine through the membrane. Reverse osmosis mainly separates the solvent and the ionic range of solutes in the solvent, allowing only water and solvent to pass through, removing the vast majority of suspended matter, colloids, organic matter and salts from water.

The organic matter, colloid and inorganic salts left by the reverse osmosis membrane enter the concentrated water side and continue to be processed without causing pollution to the environment. In addition, the reverse osmosis membrane needs to be chemically cleaned once after 2-12 months of operation according to the water quality to ensure the water permeability of the membrane.

The reverse osmosis method to produce demineralized water is a physical process, so it is more environmentally friendly than the ion exchange method. At the same time, the treatment process is simple and easy to operate, with a high degree of automation and a small amount of manual intervention, as well as simple management and maintenance of the system.

Compared with other desalination technologies, the main features of the membrane separation process are as follows:

1) No phase change occurs;

2) simple operation of the reverse osmosis unit and ease of self-control and maintenance since only pressure is used as the driving force for reverse osmosis separation;

(3) The operation process consumes very few organic chemicals (scale inhibitors, biocides) and inorganic chemicals (acids, bases), and produces no other waste liquid except concentrated brine and a very small amount of cleaning wastewater, and the concentration of pollutants contained in concentrated brine and cleaning wastewater is very low, meeting the requirements of environmental protection;

4) modular design of the system, covering an area of less;

5）Simple operation and low labor intensity.

RO Reverse Osmosis

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